Research progress on pathogenesis of temporary osteoporosis in hip / 中国骨伤

Transient osteoporosis of the hip(TOH) is classified as a type of bone marrow edema syndrome. TOH is lack of previous study and there is still controversy about his pathogenesis. In recent years, with the development of multi-discipline, such as imaging, pathology, molecular biology, the study has found that the pathological mechanism is complex, while its mechanism is still not clear, which need further research. This paper summarizes the research progress on the pathogenesis of TOH from neurogenic, osteonecrosis, abnormal vascular function, subchondral fracture, heredity and regional acceleration and son on.

Clinical observation of proximal femoral anti-rotation nail for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the curative effect and the recessive loss of blooding of PFNA for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2012 to January 2015, a total of 49 patients with intertrochanteric fractures of femur were treated with proximal femoral anti-rotation nail including 41 males and 8 females with an average age of 79 years old ranging from 65 to 91 years old. According to the modified Evans type, 1 case was type I, 12 cases were type II, 36 cases were type III. All cases were fresh fractures. Patients had hip pain, movement limited, joint swelling, bruising, extorsion deformity, X-ray and CT examination showed completely fractures. All patients were treated by closed reduction and PFNA internal fixation. Three comminuted fractures using closed reduction were not satisfied, then were treated by limited PFNA fixation after open reduction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients' incision got the grade A healing, no complications such as infection and internal fixation failure happened. All patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months (means 22 months). The pain VAS score decreased from preoperative 7.70±1.97 to 1.00±0.26 at 6 months after operation(<0.01). Harris hip score improved from preoperative 8.70±4.19 to 91.70±5.31 at 6 months after operation(<0.01). The outcome at 6 months after operation was excellent in 34 cases, good in 7, poor in 1. The fracture healing time was from 8 to 16 weeks with an average of 12 weeks after operation. One patient with osteoporosis, crushing broken, poor compliance, associated with schizophrenia at the same time, appeared with the displacement of the femoral greater trochanter, with conservative treatment for healing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intertrochanteric fractures of femur are common in the elderly trauma, in pain relief, recovery of hip function, to provide quality of life for the patients, PFNA achieved satisfactory effect, but its existence is worth to pay close attention to the recessive loss of blood.</p>

85-year-old woman with Miller Fisher syndrome

Miller Fisher's syndrome [MFS] commonly presents in the fourth and fifth decades and are rare in people over 70 years. An 85-year-old female with no significant medical history presented with upper extremity anesthesia, ptosis, and unsteady gait. The patient had a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Physical examination showed bilateral total external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, and cerebellar ataxia. Radiological and laboratory studies were unremarkable. Lumbar puncture showed albuminocytological dissociation. The combined history, physical examination, and lumbar puncture results established a presumptive diagnosis of MFS. Intravenous immunoglobulin was given for 5 days. The patient gradually improved 10 days after the onset of symptoms. Ophthalmoplegia had fully recovered after 6 months. To the best of our knowledge, this case represented the oldest patient with MFS

Expression of tau-related protein in spinal cord of patients with Alzheimer's disease / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of tau-related protein in spinal cord of Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Gallays-Braak stain and immunohistochemical study for tau protein (AT8) were carried out in the spinal cord tissue (T2, T8, T10, L2 and S2 segments) of 3 Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease. Seven age-matched cases without evidence of dementia or neurologic disease were used as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neurofibrillary tangles were identified in the neurons of anterior horn in 2 Alzheimer's disease cases but none was observed in the controls. Tau-positive axons and astroglia were detected in all Alzheimer's disease cases. Tau immunoreactivity in spinal cord of the patients correlated with that in brain tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of tau-related protein is demonstrated in the spinal cord of Alzheimer's disease patients suggesting that axonal transport defect may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.</p>

Fluvastatin's effect on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice infected by cytomegalovirus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The goal of this study was to investigate whether murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is able to exacerbate the atherosclerotic process in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE -/-) mice, and the effect of fluvastatin on the atherogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The apoE-/- mice kept on a west diet were given low dosage of MCMV. At 14,18 and 24 weeks post infection, AS lesion were measured on aorta. The fluvastatin was administered, and AS lesion were measured accordingly above.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We observed that in the chronic phase of the infection, AS lesion area was significantly increased. MCMV gB mRNA was not amplified by real-time PCR from the arterial wall. The IgG antibody level of MCMV in blood plasma and the content of virus DNA in salivary gland were not correlated with AS lesions. After the administration of fluvastatin, there was no significant difference of AS lesions between MCMV infected group and mock-infected group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MCMV may aggravate the AS lesion in apoE -/- mice in the chronic phase of infection, and promote more severe type of AS lesions. But it might not be the direct effects of mechanism of MCMV on the local lesion of AS. Fluvastatin could meliorate the progression of AS after MCMV infection, but this was not accomplished by decreasing MCMV duplication.</p>

Studies on heredity rule of the first genealogy regarding fatal familial insomnia in Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological,genealogic characteristic,familial history of the families with fatal familial insomnia,its clinical and pathological features as well as the heredity rule of related genes.Methods 135 familial members of 7 eras were studied.Vein blood samples from patients as well as from some familial members were collected.PRNP gene was studied with PCR,its serial was determined and then authenticated with Nsp I.Brain tissue was obtained for neuropathological test and PrPSc test with Western blot method.Results Clinical symptoms of the 2 diagnosed cases were typical.11 familial members died of similar neural disease.32 samples of their familial members,codon at D178N of PRNP of 11 members was mutated,with mutation rate as 34.38% while D129N showed as methionine.Brain tissue of both probands denaturalized into spongiform and the nerve fiber was absent but PrPSc protein was identified.Conclusion Genealogy was described in the family with fatal familial insomnia since the patients had typical clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics.It seemed necessary to confirm cases of fatal familial insomnia and their genealogy with epidemiological data and to investigate its gene characteristics as well as with neuropathological and Western blot tests.

Analysis of 62 adult patients with viral meningitis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical manifestation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and auxiliary examination findings of adult viral meningitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>62 adult patients with viral meningitis were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Headache occurred in all the 62 (100%) patients, fever occurred in 61 (98%) patients, meningeal irritation sign occurred in 48 (77%) patients. The abduction of left eye was limited in one patient. Seizure occurred in 2 patients. The mean duration time was 17 days, 93% patients less than 30 days. The pressure of CSF increased in 80% patients, leukocyte counts increased in 91% patients, protein level increased in 81% patients, chloride level was normal in 35% patients and slightly lower in 65% patients, glucose level was normal in 94% patients. 7 patients had positive IgM antibody of Coxackievirus B group both in serum and CSF, one patient had positive IgM antibody of EB virus in CSF. Cranial CT scan had no special findings in all patients. 23 patients performed MRI examination, meningeal enhancement occurred in 9 patients. 52% patients had abnormal EEG, mainly increased local or diffuse slow waves.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adult viral meningitis was a kind of self-limited disease, chloride level was slightly lower in more than half patients, meningeal enhancement was detected in MRI in part patients.</p>

Acute transverse myelitis associated with coxsackievirus B---A retrospective analysis of 7 patients / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Acute Transverse myelitis (ATM) is a focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord, resulting in motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve dysfunction. There is often a clearly defined rostral border of sensory dysfunction. Nowadays, the pathogenesis of ATM is not clear. The present study aimed to understand possible relationship between ATM and infection with Coxsackievirus B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IgM antibody against Coxsackievirus B was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of 33 patients with ATM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 7 of the 33 cases with ATM, the IgM andtibody Coxsackievirus B (CVB) was positive. No infections with other pathogens were found at the onset of the disease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathogenesis of ATM may involve infection with Coxsackievirus B.</p>

Relationship between EB virus, Cytomegalo virus, herpes simplex virus and coxsackievirus infection and relapse of multiple sclerosis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relation between the recent active infection with Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus,herpes simplex virus-1, coxsackievirus B I-IV and the relapse of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using ELISA method, IgM antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, coxsackievirus BI-IV in the plasma from 34 RR MS patients and 200 normal controls were detected. The rates of recent active infection with the above mentioned viruses of the patients and controls were compared.For patients group,comparison was also made between the clinical data of recent active infected patients and patients without recent active infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistically significant difference in positive rates of positive rates of IgM antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1 and coxsackievirus BI, II, III or VI between the two groups. While there was statistically significant difference in positive rates of IgM antibodies to coxsackievirus B VI and V in the RR MS patients and those in the controls (being 3/34 and 0/200 P < 0.05; 2/34 and 0/200 P < 0.05, respectively). In the patient group, when patients who had active infection with any of the viruses were compared with those who had no active infection, no significant difference between them was found in terms of age, course, frequency, body temperature on admission, differential leukocyte count (neutrophilic granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocytes), use of glucocorticoids, and EDSS point value.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a high rate of recent active infection with coxsackievirus B VI and V in RR MS patients at relapsing stage. While the recent virus active infection is unrelated to the severity of the symptoms.</p>

Treatment of scrapie pathogen 263K with tetracycline partially abolishes protease-resistant activity in vitro and reduces infectivity in vivo / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the possible effect of tetracycline on protease-resistant activity in vitro and infectivity in vivo of a scrapie strain 263K.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Scrapie pathogens were incubated with tetracycline at different concentrations for various periods of time and protease-resistant PrP signals were evaluated with proteinase K-treatment and Western blots. The preparations treated with tetracycline were intracerebrally inoculated into golden hamsters and typical TSE manifestations were noted. PrPSc in brain tissues of the infected animals was detected by PrP specific Western blot assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Protease-resistant PrP was significantly reduced in or removed from the preparations treated with tetracycline in a dose-dependant manner. Compared with the control group after incubated for 53.75 +/- 0.50 days, the preparations treated with 5 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L tetracycline prolonged the incubation time of 61.5 +/- 1.73 and 59.5 +/- 0.58 days (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of scrapie pathogen 263K with tetracycline reduces or removes its protease-resistant activity in vitro.</p>

Recent progress in the improvement of the coupling efficiency of "difficult sequences" in peptide synthesis / 药学学报

Even though chemistry is now in place that potentially allows high coupling efficiencies to be attained, successful coupling is usually a challenge when so-called "difficult sequences" is encountered in peptide synthesis. Some factors that affect the coupling efficiency have been discussed and related methods to overcome those obstacles have been introduced in present review. All suggestions proposed here are valuable and also feasible to improve the coupling completeness in both liquid-phase or solid-phase

Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human endothelial cells / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of cytomegalovirus infection on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in vitro. Cells between 3-6 passages were infected with cytomegalovirus for different time. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was detected by gel zymography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA and its activity 6 hours after infection was almost equal to control, and was greatly enhanced 12 and 24 hours after infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cytomegalovirus infection up-regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human endothelial cells. It might be one of the mechanisms that cytomegalovirus is involved in atherosclerosis.</p>

Co-expression of HSV-1 gD gene and interleukin-2 gene in dendritic cell / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid IRES-gD-IL-2 which contains both HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene and IL-2 gene and to induce it to express in antigen presenting cell (APC) -- dendritic cells (DCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole sequence of gD and IL-2 were amplified by PCR assay. After confirmation by PCR, double-enzyme digestion and sequencing, these genes were directly cloned into eukaryotic expression vector IRES, then were transfected into DCs. Western blotting was employed to identify the transcription and expression of gD gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of PCR and enzyme digestion showed that the recombinant expression plasmid contained correct fragments, and the transcription and expression of gD were confirmed by Western blotting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The recombinant expression vector IRES-gD-IL-2 was constructed, the results of the Western blotting showed that the recombinant protein could be identified by gD- specific antibody, therefore the protein has immunologic competence.</p>

Advances in the study of bioactivity and structure-function relationship of regulatory peptide AcSDKP / 药学学报

As a negative regulator of hematopoiesis, AcSDKP is well known to inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and reported to has a biological function in non-hematopoietic cells recently. Its biological activities and structure-function relationship are reviewed in this paper.

Expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene in the intracranial artery walls of atherosclerosis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), especially the immediate early (IE) gene of the virus, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of HCMV IE gene DNA in intracranial artery walls and the association of the virus with the development of atherosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HCMV IE gene was tested in formaldehyde-fixed intracranial arteries from 35 cases with cerebral atherosclerosis and 20 negative controls. In situ hybridization as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of DNA in sections of paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Probes and primers were derived from major immediate early (MIE) genomic regions of cytomegalovirus strain AD169.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DNA of HCMV was found in 40.0% and 10.0% of arterial walls with atherosclerosis and negative control group by in situ hybridization, respectively, in 60.0% and 30.0% by PCR, respectively. Significant deference was found between them (P=0.018, P=0.032). There was also significant difference between grade III-IV and grade I-II atherosclerosis by both methods (P=0.027, P=0.009).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that HCMV IE DNA exists in the atherosclerotic arterial walls, therefore, there might be an association between the IE gene in intracranial artery walls and the atherosclerosis. The arterial wall with the smooth muscle cells, might be the potential site of the virus persistence. HCMV may play a role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis.</p>

Detection of antibody against Borna disease virus-p24 in the plasma of Chinese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome by Western-blot analysis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the prevalence of infection with Borna disease virus (BDV) in Chinese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and control subjects, and to discuss the etiological association between CFS and infection with BDV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CDC (1994) diagnostic criteria for CFS were used for case definition. Sixty-one patients suffered from CFS were from 11 Provinces in China. To detect the antibody against BDV-p24 on the plasma samples from all cases and 73 healthy control subjects by Western-blotting analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>7 of the sixty-one cases and 0 of the controls were sero-positive for BDV-p24 antibody, there was a statistical significant difference between the two groups (11.48% vs 0%; P less than 0.010).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese patients with CFS showed sero-positive identifying BDV infection, by comparison, anti.BDV-p24 antibody prevalence in patients was significantly higher than in controls. An etiological association may exist between CFS and BDV infection.</p>

Establishment of primary cultured neurons model of mouse embryo with HSV-1 infection / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To establish a neurons model for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection using cultures of mouse embryo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cortical neuron of 14-16 day old mouse embryo were cultured and infected with HSV-1. Microscopic examination, immunofluorescent test, MTT colorimetric analysis and flowcytometric assay were used to detect the immunofluorescent reaction of normal and infected neurons and astrocytes, respectively. The percentage of the two kinds of cells were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mouse neurons could proliferate well in vitro. The neurons amount met the requirement of cytological experiment after treatment with Ara-C in the tissue culture. HSV-1 could infect the neurons directly, the activity of the infected neurons was obviously reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HSV-1 could successfully infect the primary cultured neurons. The model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.</p>

Clinical application and assessment of the Chinese version of Fatigue Severity Scale in stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of the Fatigue severity scale (FSS)in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods The FSS was translated into Chinese language and the reverse translation was done by several experts.Validity,dimensionality,and reliability tests were implemented in 153 cases of cerebral infarction.Results One component was extracted in factor analysis,and the total cumulative contribu- tion was 64.982%.Based on the Mokken Scale analysis for Polytomous items analyses,the scale was found to be u- nidimensional and scale H is 0.6125,Cronbach?of the scale is 0.9287.Conclusion The psychometric proper- ties(reliabilities and validities)of FSS Chinese Version was satisfactory and seemed to be adaptable to Chinese cere- bral infarction patients.